阿纳金之灵——塞巴斯蒂安•肖(来自Wikipedia的资料翻译)

GuyFawkes

Sebastian Shaw (29 May 1905 – 23 December 1994) was an English stage, film, television and radio actor, as well as a director, novelist, playwright and poet. During his 65-year career, Shaw appeared in dozens of stage performances and more than 40 film and television productions.
塞巴斯蒂安·肖(生于1905年5月29日，卒于1994年12月23日)是一位表演领域涵盖舞台剧，电视剧和广播剧的英国演员，同时也是一位导演，小说家，剧作家和诗人。在65年的职业生涯中，肖曾在数十部舞台剧，超过40部的电影和电视节目中登场。
Shaw was born and raised in Holt, Norfolk and made his acting debut at age eight at a London theatre. He studied acting at Gresham's School and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Although Shaw worked primarily on the London stage, he made his Broadway debut in 1929, when he played one of the two murderers in Rope's End. He appeared in his first film, Caste, in 1930 and quickly began to create a name for himself in motion pictures. Nevertheless, Shaw described himself as a "rotten actor" as a youth and admitted his success was primarily due to his good looks. Shaw claimed to mature as a performer only after returning from service in the Royal Air Force during World War II.
肖在诺福克郡的霍尔特长大，八岁时在伦敦的一家剧院初次登台。他在格瑞萨姆学院和皇家戏剧学院学习表演。尽管伦敦是肖主要的舞台，但他早在1929年就献出了百老汇首演,当时他扮演了《绳索末端》中的两个杀人犯之一。1930年，肖出演了他的的第一部电影《阶级》，并且很快在电影界打响了自己的声名。尽管如此，肖称自己年纪轻轻就是一个“陈腐的演员”，并且承认他主要是靠英俊的外表才赢得成功。肖认为：直到完成二战期间在皇家空军的服役后，自己才达到作为一个演员应有的成熟。
Shaw was particularly known for his performances in William Shakespeare productions, which were considered daring and ahead of their time. In 1966, Shaw joined the Royal Shakespeare Company, where he remain for a decade and delivered some of his most acclaimed performances. He also wrote several poems and a novel, The Christening, in 1975. Shaw is perhaps most widely known for his brief but important performance in Return of the Jedi, the sixth film in the Star Wars franchise, in which he played Anakin Skywalker. Ten years after Shaw's death in 1994, his Return of the Jedi scenes were digitally altered in the 2004 DVD re-release; his image was removed altogether from the final scene, which proved to be one of the most controversial and unpopular changes among fans.
肖在莎剧中的大胆激进的表演尤为著名。1966年，肖加入了皇家莎士比亚公司，他在那儿工作了十年并奉献了他最受好评的演出。他也发表了几首诗歌和一部小说——1975年出版的《洗礼》。也许肖在《星球大战》第六部《绝地归来》中扮演阿纳金·天行者的短暂但至关重要的演出最广为人知。肖于1994年去世， 十年后，他的镜头在2004年重新发行的《绝地归来》被数码修改了，他的在最后一幕中的形象被完全去除。这后来被证明是在影迷之中最受反感的改变之一。

Early life and career
早年的生活和事业
Sebastian Lewis Shaw was born at Holt, Norfolk in England on 29 May 1905. His father, Dr. Geoffrey Shaw, was the music master at Gresham's School, a North Norfolk independent coeducational boarding school, where Shaw began his education.His uncle, Martin Shaw, was a composer of church music, and his family's love of music heavily influenced Shaw's future career path.Shaw made his acting debut at age eight on the London stage as one of the juvenile band in The Cockyolly Bird at the Royal Court Theatre in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea on New Year's Day of 1914. During his time at Gresham's, he also played Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew,his first of many performances from the works of William Shakespeare; fellow classmate W.H. Auden, who would go on to become a highly regarded poet, portrayed Katherina in the play opposite Shaw.  After Gresham's, Shaw planned to become a painter and spent two years at the Slade School of Fine Art before switching his interests to acting; regarding the change, his father said to Shaw, "I wondered when you would come to your senses." Shaw earned a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in Bloomsbury, London. Actor Charles Laughton enrolled in the Academy the same time as Shaw, who later said his first impression of Laughton was "a poor fat boy." Although Shaw and his fellow students initially felt sympathetic toward Laughton, they were quickly impressed with his talent.
1905年五月29日塞巴斯蒂安·刘易斯·肖出生在英国诺福克郡的霍尔特。他的父亲，杰弗里·肖博士，是北诺福克私立寄宿学校格瑞萨姆学院的音乐教师，肖也在格瑞萨姆学院开始了学业。他的叔叔，马丁·肖，是一位教堂音乐作曲家。 家族对音乐的热爱深深影响了肖未来的从业之路。1914年元旦，在肯辛顿-切尔西皇家自治市的皇家宫廷戏剧院，8岁的肖献出了首演，他在《小鸟儿》中扮演了少年乐团中的一员。在格瑞萨姆学院期间，他也曾在《驯悍记》里饰演彼得鲁乔，这是他众多莎剧表演的开端。肖的同学，后来成为被高度评价诗人的A·H·奥登和他联袂演出，扮演了凯瑟琳娜。从格瑞萨姆学院毕业后，肖打算做一名画家，于是他在将兴趣转移到表演上之前还在英国伦敦大学斯莱德美术学院学了两年；对这一转变，肖的父亲对他说“我不知道你何时才能变得理智。”肖在伦敦布鲁姆斯伯里的皇家戏剧学院赢得了一份奖学金。男演员查尔斯·劳顿也在这时进入了该学院。肖之后谈到对劳顿的印象时说他是“一个可怜的胖小子”。尽管肖和他的同学最初对劳顿深表同情，但他们很快对劳顿的才华印象深刻。
Shaw appeared in regional theatres in Bristol, Liverpool and Hull. In 1925, he performed in London as the Archangel in The Sign of the Sun, and played first Lewis Dodd and then the Major in separate productions of The Constant Nymph. Shaw received instruction in verse speaking under famed theatre director William Bridges-Adams in the Stratford Festival Company at Stratford-upon-Avon, where he played some of his early Shakespeare roles, including Romeo Montague in Romeo and Juliet, Ferdinand in The Tempest and Prince Hal in Henry IV in 1926. Shaw was criticised for the audacity he displayed in the latter role. When Prince Hal takes on his kingship and rejects the self-indulgent character Falstaff, convention of the day called for Prince Hal to change from a jovial drinking partner to an arrogant snob, but Shaw saw the view as simple-minded and contradictory toward Shakespeare's script. Instead, Shaw displayed inward regrets toward leaving Falstaff and accepting the new responsibilities. The interpretation was criticised at the time but, years later, was seen as the standard approach to the character.
肖最开始在布斯托尔、利物浦和赫尔的地方剧院演出。1925年，他在伦敦登台，在《太阳印记》中扮演大天使，还在《永恒的仙女》的舞台版中第一次担当主角——刘易斯·杜德。在艾文河上游的斯特拉福德镇（莎翁故里）的斯特拉福德戏剧节公司，肖的韵文朗诵得到了著名导演威廉·布里奇斯－亚当的指导，在那里肖尝试了他最初的莎剧角色，包括《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的罗密欧·蒙太古，《暴风雨》中的费迪南德，以及1926年的《亨利四世》中的哈尔王子。在对后者的演绎上，肖的大胆无忌遭受了批评。当哈尔王子继承王位并斥退放纵的福斯塔夫时，当时的传统要求哈尔王子由一个好交朋友的玩伴变成一个自命不凡的小人，但肖洞察到了在莎士比亚剧本中这个角色的头脑简单和内心矛盾，而代之以表现因离开福斯塔夫而引发的遗憾和对新的责任的担当。这种诠释在当时受到非议，不过在一年以后，被就认为是演绎这一角色的标准方法了。
Shaw made his Broadway debut in 1929, when he played Wyndham Brandon, one half of a duo of homosexual murderers in Patrick Hamilton's stage thriller, Rope's End; although he played the role in New York, he was passed overwhen the show moved to London. In 1929, Shaw married Margaret Delamere and lived with her in The Albany, an apartment complex off of Piccadilly in London. Shaw would return to the works of William Shakespeare in 1931, playing Claudio in Measure for Measure at London's Fortune Playhouse. In 1932 he once again played Romeo at the Embassy Theatre. Other works around this period included productions of Ivor Novello's Sunshine Sisters in 1933; Double Door alongside actress Sybil Thorndike in 1934; J.M. Barrie's A Kiss for Cinderella in 1937; and Robert Morley's Goodness, How Sad! in 1938.
1929年，肖在自己的百老汇首演中扮演韦翰·布兰登——帕特里克·汉密尔顿的舞台剧《夺命索》里的一对同性恋杀人犯之一。虽然他也在纽约继续扮演这个角色，但当演出登陆伦敦时，他却被换下了。同年，肖娶了玛格丽特·德拉米尔，与她在伦敦皮卡迪利大街的奥尔巴尼公寓一同生活。肖在1931年回归莎剧事业，在伦敦的好运戏院（暂译）上演的《一报还一报》里饰演克劳迪奥，1932年，在大使戏院再演罗密欧。这段时期，他参演的戏剧还包括艾弗·诺沃勒的作品《阳光姐妹》（Sunshine Sisters）（1933）以及女演员西比尔·桑代克合作的《双扇门》（1934）；J·M·巴里的《给灰姑娘的吻》（A Kiss for Cinderella）（1937）；罗伯特·默勒的《天哪，多么郁闷！》（Goodness, How Sad!）（1938）
The first film Shaw appeared in was Caste in 1930. The actor soon began to make a name for himself in motion pictures such as Brewster's Millions in 1935, Men Are Not Gods in 1936 and Farewell Again in 1937.Shaw was making about 300 pounds a week during this stage of his career.He brought what The Daily Telegraph described as a "smooth villainy" to the title role of Frank Sutton in The Squeaker in 1937, while in 1939 he played the hero Cmdr. David Blacklock alongside Conrad Veidt and Valerie Hobson in Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's first collaboration The Spy in Black. Shaw described himself as a movie buff and called Academy Award-winning actor Spencer Tracy his "great god of all screen actors";he was so impressed by Tracy's technique that he claimed to become depressed while watching his movies because Tracy made acting look simple, while Shaw claimed to find it so difficult to master himself.
肖参演的第一部电影是1930年上映的《阶级》。他不久就靠诸如1935年的《酿酒师的百万横财》、1936年的《人非圣贤》（Men Are Not Gods）、1937年的《再次道别》（Farewell Again）等影片赢得了名气。在职业生涯的这个阶段，肖一周能赚大约300英镑。在1937年，肖为《雏鸽》中的同名角色弗兰克·萨顿带来了如《每日电讯报》所描述的“顺滑的恶行”。在1939年，在与康拉德·维德和瓦莱丽·霍布森一道参演米切尔·鲍威尔和艾默力·皮斯伯格的首部合作作品《暗处的间谍》，扮演主角大卫·布莱克洛克指挥官时，肖谦称自己只是个“电影爱好者”，还把奥斯卡奖获得者斯宾塞·屈赛称作“所有电影演员中的神”，屈赛的演技令肖如此震撼，使表演看起来如此简单，以至于肖称在观赏屈赛的电影时，因为觉得自己在表演时还难以收放自如垂头而沮丧。


The spy in black剧照


Men Are Not Gods剧照


The Lads剧照

World War II and post-war career
二战期间和战后事业
When World War II broke out, Shaw took a break from his acting career and immediately joined the Royal Air Force, where he served as an Aircraftman 2nd Class. He saw little action in the service and was told the only chance he would have to fly would be as a rear gunner. Some of his fellow airmen hounded Shaw for autographs while others mocked his posh accent, to which Shaw would retaliate with an excellent and unflattering imitation of their less refined speech. Immediately upon returning to London after the war, Shaw lost his Albany flat and his acting contract, and essentially had to restart his acting career.
第二次世界大战爆发后，肖中止了演艺生涯，立即加入皇家空军，成为了一名二等兵。在服役期间，肖很少目睹部队的战事，他被告知唯一能上天的途径是作一名飞机上的尾炮手。一些战友缠着肖要签名，另一些则对他过于优雅的口音大肆嘲笑，不过肖会立即惟妙惟肖而不怀好意地模仿他们不那么优雅的谈吐作为回敬。战争结束后回到伦敦的肖失去了奥尔巴尼的寓所和表演合约，他需要从头开始自己的表演事业了。
Although Shaw made 20 films before World War II and had already began to develop a reputation as a strong leading man before the war began, in later years Shaw would describe himself as "a rotten actor" in the 1930s who landed roles based mainly on his good looks. He used the phrase "a piece of cinema beefcake" to describe himself as an actor during that period, and felt it was after his return home from military service that he learned to act properly and began to mature as a performer. Shaw's Royal Air Force experience would be put to good use when he played a pilot in Journey Together, the 1946 RAF training film in which actor Edward G. Robinson would coach actor Richard Attenborough in the rudiments of flying.
虽然肖在二战之前参演了20部电影，并且在战争爆发前已经逐渐开始赢得“强有力的男主角”的名声了。但肖在晚年却将30年代总是靠英俊的外表获得角色的自己称之为为“一个陈腐的演员”。他用“一张帅哥的大头照”来形容那个时期的自己，觉得直到服完兵役回到家乡，他才学会了恰如其分的表演并且达到作为演员的成熟。肖在皇家空军的经历为他在1946年RFA（英国皇家空军）军教片《共赴征程》(Journey Together)中扮演飞行员带来不少好处。而演员理查德·阿滕伯勒还得由爱德华·G·罗宾逊进行飞行入门辅导。
In 1945, Shaw returned to the Embassy Theatre to direct Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Gambler. Significant theatre roles that decade would include Hercules in The Thracian Horses at the Lyric Hammersmith theatre in 1946; Hern Lawrance in I Said to Myself at the Old Mercury Theatre in 1947; Sir James Kirkham in His Excellency at Prince's Theatre in 1950 and Filmer Jesson, MP in Arthur Wing Pinero's His House In Order at New Theatre in 1951. In 1956, he would play the title role in the first English production of Hugo von Hofmannsthal's Everyman.[4] That same year, he would write the lyrics to his father's ballad-opera, All at Sea, which played at the Royal College of Music. In 1957, he played Lucifer in Brother Lucifer in Shrewsbury, England, and a sinister Venetian agent in Jonathan Griffin's The Hidden King in Edinburgh, Scotland.
1945年，肖回到大使剧院，执导费奥多·陀思妥耶夫斯基的《赌徒》。在战后的十年中，肖演绎过的重要角色包括在汉默史密斯剧院上演的《色雷斯骑兵》中的赫尔克里斯；1947年在老水星剧院上演的《我对自己说》（I Said to Myself）中的赫恩·劳伦斯；1950年在王子剧院上演的《阁下——乔治·华盛顿传》中的詹姆斯·柯克哈姆爵士；1951年尼奥?考沃剧院上演的阿瑟·文·品耐罗的《屋舍井然》（His House In Order）中的下院议员。1956年，他在由雨果·冯·霍夫曼斯塔首次翻译成英文的的戏剧《每个人》中担任同名主角。同年，他为父亲在皇家音乐学院上演的民谣剧《茫然不知》（All at Sea暂译）撰写歌词。1957年，他在英国什鲁斯伯里扮演《路西法兄弟》（Brother Lucifer）中的路西法，在苏格兰爱丁堡上演乔纳森·格里芬编剧的《隐藏的王》（The Hidden King）中的险恶的威尼斯经纪人。
As Shaw grew older, his reputation as a dramatic actor grew stronger, and he became known for a sharp intelligence and dignified style. Although his good looks began to diminish, reviewers felt his florid and weatherbeaten face was well utilised by Shaw in evoking grandeur and self-assuredness in such roles as generals, priests and his familiar Shakespearean parts. In 1956, his wife Margaret Delamere died; she was survived by her daughter with Shaw, Drusilla.[8] Shaw began a romantic relationship in the mid-1950s with Joan Ingpen, the well-known classical music and opera talent agent who previously represented Shaw. The two were romantically involved, to the point that she even took his last name, for about four decades until Shaw's death. During the 1980s, however, Shaw also engaged in a brief relationship with Harriet Ravenscroft, the mother of disc jockey John Peel, whom Shaw met while performing at Ludlow Castle at Ludlow. Shaw split his time between Ingpen and Ravenscroft on a four-day rotation basis to which both women consented. Although Peel got along with Shaw and said he made his mother happy, Peel admitted he did not feel comfortable with the arrangement and felt it disrupted his mother's friendships and prospects for a more stable relationship.
随着肖年纪的增长，他作为戏剧演员的声望也越来越高，他敏锐的理解力和高贵的表演风格闻名于世。虽然他英俊的外貌开始衰老，但评论家发现无论是红润还是沧桑的面貌都能被肖得心应手地用以唤起诸如将军，牧师以及他精通的莎剧角色中的气魄与自信。1956年，肖的爱妻玛格丽特·德拉米尔过世，给他留下一个女儿——德鲁塞拉。50年代中期，肖与以琼·英潘展开了一段罗曼史，琼是一位极具天赋的音乐和歌剧经纪人，之前就为肖做代理。他们两人的恋爱关系如此亲密，琼甚至冠上了肖的姓氏，并保持了40年直到肖去世。不过在80年代，肖在勒德洛的勒德洛城堡表演时认识了音乐节目主持人约翰·披尔，于是肖也和披尔的母亲哈丽特·雷文斯克罗夫特有一段短暂的爱情。取得两个女人的同意后，肖按照四天的周期轮流陪伴英潘和雷文斯克罗夫特。尽管披尔与肖相处和睦，并且称肖可以为母亲代来快乐，但他也承认这种安排令他不悦，也扰乱了母亲与其他朋友的交往，希望可以寻求更稳定的关系。
In 1965, British theatre director William Gaskill was named artistic director of the Royal Court Theatre, where he hoped to re-establish a repertoire. He approached Shaw, who made his acting début at the Royal Court Theatre as a youth, and Shaw agreed to return. There he would deliver several performances there over the next year, including General Conrad von Hotzendorf in Joan Osborne's A Patriot for Me; various roles in Ann Jellicoe's Shelley; Sir Francis Harker in N. F. Simpson's The Cresta Run and Pte Atterclife in John Arden's Serjeant Musgrave's Dance.
1965年，英国戏剧导演威廉·加斯基尔被聘为皇家宫廷戏剧院的艺术指导。他希望能重新编排剧院的常备节目。他与肖接洽，曾在皇家宫廷戏剧院初试啼声的肖也同意回归。第二年，肖献上了数场演出，包括琼·奥斯本编剧的《予我国士》（A Patriot for Me）中的康拉德·冯·赫岑多夫将军；安·杰里科编剧的《雪莱》中的多个角色；N·F·辛普森编剧的《登峰奔驰》（The Cresta Run）以及约翰·阿登的《马斯格雷夫律师的舞蹈》（Serjeant Musgrave's Dance）中的陆军二等兵埃特克里夫。
In 1966, Shaw joined the Royal Shakespeare Company, where he spent the next decade of his career and eventually became an associate artist He mostly appeared in Shakespeare plays, including the title role in Cymbeline; Edmund of Langley in Richard II; the King in All's Well That Ends Well; Ulysses in Troilus and Cressida; and Leonato in Much Ado About Nothing.The Times described his performance in the title role of Cymbeline as "awe-inspiring", and The Independent described his performance as Polonius in Hamlet as "unrivalled in his complacency and sense of circumstance. The Telegraph described his performance of Gloucester in King Lear as "doleful" and his performance of Duncan in Macbeth as "decent". Many of the company's Shakespearean productions at the time were considered interpretive and modern, which drew criticism from some traditionalists, but Shaw defended the experimental nature of the shows and shunned the notion that plays should be restricted to preconceived interpretations。
1966年，肖加入皇家莎士比亚公司，在那里度过了职业生涯中的十年并最终成为一名联合艺术家。他几乎一直在演莎剧，包括《辛白林》、《爱德华三世》、《理查德二世》中的同名主角；《皆大欢喜》中的国王；《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》中的尤利西斯；《无事自扰》中的雷奥那多。《泰晤士报》表扬他在同名戏剧中对辛白林的演绎“令人惊叹”。《独立报》则称赞他在《哈姆雷特》中饰演波洛尼厄斯的表演“他的怡然自得和场景感是无与伦比的。”《电讯报》认为他在《李尔王》中扮演的格劳斯特“令人沮丧”，在《麦克白》中扮演的邓肯“令人满意”。当时公司的很多莎剧表演都被认为具有解构性和现代性，因此也招来一些传统主义者的批评，但肖为演出的实验性辩解，并且竭力回避受“表演必须控制在原先的诠释之内”之类的想法的局限。
e demonstrated what The Daily Telegraph called a "crusty charm" as Sir Oblong Fitz Oblong in Robert Bolt's children's play, The Thwarting of Baron Bolligrew, during his time with the company. Shaw was also noted as possessing a gift for dry comedy during this period of his acting career, such as during his roles in Maxim Gorky's plays Enemies and Summerfolk. Shaw demonstrated a particular knack for Russian comedy in Jonathan Miller's productions of Anton Chekhov plays Three Sisters and Ivanov.
在公司的日子里，肖参演罗伯特·博尔特的儿童剧《波利格鲁男爵的阻挠》（The Thwarting of Baron Bolligrew），扮演奥布龙·菲茨·奥布龙爵士时，展现了《每日电讯报》所称的“乖戾的迷人”。肖还因在“冷幽默剧”方面具有的天赋而著名，表演生涯的这段时期，对诸如马克西姆·高尔基的戏剧《敌人》、《避暑客》中角色的表演，肖找到了俄国戏剧的窍门，并应用于乔纳森·米勒改编的安东·契诃夫作品《三姐妹》和《伊万诺夫》中。
In 1978, Shaw earned acclaim for his performance as a judge in the stage debut of Whose Life Is It Anyway? at the Mermaid Theatre, where he debuted his first play 17 years earlier. The production won Laurence Olivier Awards for Best Play and Best Actor (Tom Conti). Although 73 years old, Shaw did not let his age slow down his career. During the run of this production a mugger tried to steal his money, but Shaw chased him down, tackled him and recovered his property. Later that same year, Shaw was
painted in the nude by his nephew, Brian Ocean. During his later years, Shaw suffered a physical disability that made him tremble, which had a negative impact on his television roles, particularly when handling cups or trays of drinks. One of Shaw's later television appearances was in The Old Curiosity Shop, a 1979 mini-series based on the novel by Charles Dickens. Around this time, he also voiced the part of Squre Beltham in a radio production of The Adventurers of Harry Richmond, which The Daily Telegraph said was "remembered with affection."[4] Shaw lent his voice to several radio performance, both Shakespearean and modern, including protagonist John Tanner in the five-hour Man and Superman by George Bernard Shaw.
1978年，在17年前首次涉足的美人鱼剧院，肖在《生杀之权》的首演中扮演法官，赢得满堂喝彩。这出戏剧荣获劳伦斯·奥利弗奖的最佳戏剧奖和最佳男演员奖（汤姆·康蒂）。虽然已经73岁高龄，肖没有让他的年纪拖累事业。在该剧上演时，一个盗贼企图偷走他的钱，但肖追上了他，把它擒住并找回了自己的财物。这一年的年末，肖的外甥，布莱恩·欧辛为他画了一幅裸体画像。在生命的最后几年，肖被身体无力造成的颤抖所折磨，这对他的电视剧角色，尤其时端着杯盘喝水的时侯，有着不利的影响。1979年在查尔斯·狄更斯小说改编的迷你电视剧集《老古玩店》中的表演是肖最后几次在荧屏上的出现了。大约在同一时期，肖还为广播剧《哈里·里士满历险记》（The Adventurers of Harry Richmond）中的乡绅巴尔森姆配音，《每日电讯报》将其称之为“会被欣然铭记”。肖在好几部广播剧中献过声，其中既有莎士比亚风格的也有现代风格的，包括扮演萧伯纳作品，长达五小时的《人与超人》中的主人公约翰·特纳。


Journey Together剧组合影，前排左二为肖。


1974年，肖扮演的辛白林。


Serjeant Musgrave's Dance剧照


It Happened Here 剧照


布莱恩•欧辛所绘的肖的裸体画像（局部）

Writing career
写作事业
Shaw wrote Take a Life, his first play, in 1961. He directed a production of the show at London's Mermaid Theatre, where he also played the lead role of the Detective. That same year he played two lead roles in George Bernard Shaw plays at the Dublin Theatre Festival: Mrs. Warren's Profession and Candida.[4] Around this time, Shaw also wrote an outline for a television comedy series about four girls sharing a flat, inspired by his real-life daughter, who was in her early twenties and living in a flat with other girls her age. The series was submitted to the Granada Television company, which expressed interest in the show and said it was one of two under consideration for television. The company ultimately chose the other show, the long-running British soap opera Coronation  Street.
1961年，肖撰写了他的第一部剧本《杀生》（Take a Life）。他在伦敦美人鱼剧院导演一部戏剧，同时也担任主角侦探。同年他在都柏林戏剧节上演萧伯纳的两部作品：《华伦夫人的职业》和《康蒂妲》中担任主演。在此期间，肖从自己二十出头，和几个同龄女孩住在一间公寓中女儿身上获得灵感，写了 一部关于合住一间公寓的四个女孩系列电视喜剧的提纲。这个连续剧的剧本被送到格林纳达电视公司后，公司对此很感兴趣，表示这将是两个候选的节目之一。公司最终选择了另一个节目，长期上演的肥皂剧《加冕典礼街》。
Shaw agreed to take certain roles only under the condition that he have complete freedom to rewrite his dialogue. When Shaw appeared in It Happened Here, a 1966 World War II film, he wrote much of his own dialogue, which the filmmakers would later admit "gave his dialogue an individual slant which enhanced his performance." Shaw also helped in other aspects of the filmmaking, including casting; he introduced the filmmakers to Fiona Leland, who would be cast as Shaw's wife in It Happened Here. Shaw wrote other plays, including The Ship's Bell, The Cliff Walk, The Glass Maze and Cul de Sac He also wrote Poems, a collection of his personal poetry, which saw a limited print of 300 editions by publisher Exeter University. It included poems called "Nightmare", "Sing Cuckoo", "Necrophilia", "Apple Harvest", "Noctambulation", "Thought From Ireland", "Moor Mouse", "White Blues", "The Naked Hill", "The Cover of Darkness", "Two Pictures at Edinburgh", "Waking at Dawn", "The Comedian's Tale" and "The Building Site."
只有在完全享有能够改写自己的对白的自由的前提下，肖才同意出演某个角色。当肖参演1966年的二战电影《纳粹暴行录》时，他撰写了自己角色的大部分台词，对此电影制片人后来承认肖“给予了他的台词一种个人化的倾向，使他的表演更有力度”，肖还在其他方面帮助过电影的制作，包括选角；他把菲奥娜·利兰介绍给制片人，在《纳粹暴行录》中扮演肖的妻子。肖也写过其它剧本，包括《船钟》（The Ship's Bell）、《悬崖之行》（The Ship's Bell）、《玻璃迷宫》（The Glass Maze）和《死路》（Cul de Sac）。他也写诗，埃塞克特大学出版社限量印刷了300册他的个人诗集，包括名为“梦魇”、“杜鹃的歌唱”、“恋尸癖”、“收获苹果”、“梦游症”、“来自爱尔兰的思绪”、“荒地鼠”、“白色蓝调”、“童山濯濯”、“黑暗之掩”、“爱丁堡的两幅画”、“觉醒在黎明”、“丑角的传说”和“建筑工地”的诗歌。
Shaw wrote The Christening, his only novel, in 1975.[4] Shaw originally planned to call the novel The Godfather, but later said he was glad he did not due to the popularity of Mario Puzo's book of that name.[5] A description in the book cover flap reads, "In this tender, sensitive and blackly comic novel, Sebastian Shaw, the distinguished Shakespearean actor, explores areas of sexual and emotional encounter that are rarely seen and, unfortunately, too rarely understood."[4] Shaw was said to have been working on another novel shortly after The Christening was completed, but no others were ever published.
1975年，肖写出了他唯一的小说《洗礼》。肖本来打算将其命名为《教父》，后来马里奥·普佐的同名小说畅销，肖说他很高兴当初没有采用那个名字。书的封面上的一段介绍激动地说：“这是一部温柔、敏感、抑郁的喜剧小说。塞巴斯蒂安·肖，杰出的莎剧演员探索了性与情感中极不常见，又不幸地很难被理解的领域。据说肖在写完《洗礼》后不久还着手创作另一部小说，不过最终没有发表。

Return of the Jedi
《绝地归来》
In 1982, Shaw was chosen for the brief but crucial role of Anakin Skywalker in Return of the Jedi, the third and final movie in the original Star Wars trilogy. Although David Prowse played the costumed scenes and James Earl Jones portrayed the voice of Darth Vader, just as they had in the first two films, Shaw was to play a single scene with Mark Hamill, during the moment aboard Death Star II when Luke Skywalker unmasks his dying father. Since the scene was arguably the emotional climax of the film, the casting crew wanted an experienced actor for the role. At the time he was approached for the film, Shaw was playing such Shakespearean roles as Charles VI in Henry V and First Gravedigger in Hamlet at London's Barbican Centre. Shaw enjoyed the first two Star Wars films, particularly for the visual effects, which he described in an interview with science-fiction film magazine Starlog as "brilliant techniques which, in many ways, were revolutionary, something quite new".
1982年，肖被选中，在星球大战三部曲的最后一部《绝地归来》中扮演出场短暂但至关重要的角色——阿纳金·天行者。尽管像在前两部中一样，大卫·普罗斯继续扮演身着盔甲的达斯·维德，而詹姆斯·厄尔·琼斯则为达斯·维德配音，肖还是要和马克·哈米尔一起出演在死星II上卢克·天行者为垂死的父亲摘下面具的一幕。因这一幕理所应当是全剧的高潮，剧组希望由一位经验丰富的演员担任阿纳金这个角色。这时在伦敦的巴比肯艺术中心扮演过诸如《查尔斯六世》、《亨利五世》以及《哈姆雷特》中掘墓人等众多莎剧角色的肖就被邀请参演。肖很欣赏星球大战的前两部，尤其是视觉效果，他在接受科幻电影杂志《明星》采访时将其称之为“全新的，在很多方面是革命性的杰出技术。”
Shaw participated in an audition for the Return of the Jedi part but, due to the secrecy regarding the production, was not allowed to see his portion of the actual script until he had guaranteed to take the role and promised not to reveal any film secrets to anyone. His contract included a stipulation that he could not even tell family or friends the part he would be playing; Shaw told Starlog when asked by his loved ones about the role, he would answer, "I'm sorry, I'm not at liberty to tell you."[6] Shaw received many press inquiries about his part in the movie once word of his casting was leaked, but he did not discuss his participation in the film until George Lucas gave him permission after the film's 1983 theatrical release.[6] When Shaw arrived at the set for filming, he ran into his friend Ian McDiarmid, the actor playing Emperor Palpatine, but Shaw did not tell him anything about the part. When McDiarmid asked him what he was doing there, Shaw simply responded, "I don't know, dear boy, I think it's something to do with science-fiction."[13] McDiarmid later reflected upon the comment, "That was Sebastian. The Star Wars saga had passed him blissfully by."
肖参加了《绝地归来》中戏份的试镜，不过为了影片的保密起见，他不被允许阅读真正的剧本中他的那一部分台词，直到他保证不向任何人泄露影片的秘密。他签订了一份契约，表示他甚至不会告诉家人自己将要出演的戏份。肖告诉《明星》杂志，当他所爱的家人问及他的角色时，他只能回答“抱歉，我无权告诉你。”当在这部电影里被分派角色的风声走漏后，肖接到了无数媒体关于他的角色的打探，但直到1983年的剧情发布会后得到乔治·卢卡斯允许，肖从未谈及他的戏份。肖来到摄影棚时，碰见了他的朋友，扮演帕尔帕丁皇帝的伊安·迈克迪亚米德。当迈克迪亚米德询问他在此有何贵干时，肖只是答道：“我不清楚，亲爱的朋友，大概是拍科幻电影吧。” 迈克迪亚米德之后这样评论到“原来是塞巴斯蒂安，星战传奇令人喜悦地与他邂逅。”
Shaw's scene in Return of the Jedi was filmed in only one day at Elstree Studios in Hertfordshire, England. His presence during the filming was kept secret from all but the absolute minimum cast and crew. Director Richard Marquand directed the scene, but George Lucas was present for the entire length of filming. Shaw found the costume to be physically challenging during his scene; he had difficulty breathing through the two small holes in the quarter-inch thick Darth Vader mask that covered his entire face and head. His head was shaven, white make-up was applied to his face, black make-up was applied around his eyes and fake burn scars were applied to his head and cheeks. Regarding the screenplay by Lucas and Lawrence Kasdan, Shaw told Starlog his unmasking scene "was so beautifully written that we never altered the dialogue at all." The scene was filmed in only a few takes, although some of Mark Hamill's close-ups took multiple takes because Shaw said "he was so terribly anxious to get it right." Shaw said the young actor was enjoyable to work with and appreciative of Shaw's experience.
肖在《绝地归来》中的镜头只在英国赫特福德郡的艾尔斯特利的摄影棚拍摄了一天。在电影拍摄期间，肖的到场对除了极少数几个之外的所有剧组人员保密。导演理查德·马奎德执导了这一幕，而乔治?卢卡斯全程参与了拍摄。肖觉得这一幕中所穿的戏服是一个对身体的挑战；四分之一英寸厚的达斯·维德面具覆盖了他的整个头面部，他难以通过上面的两个小孔中呼吸。他的头发被剃光，满脸化上苍白的妆容，眼圈被涂上黑色的眼影，面颊贴了假的烧伤疤痕。谈及卢卡斯和劳伦斯·卡斯丹所撰的剧本，肖告诉《明星》他的摘下面具的场景“写的如此之美，以致我们从没有改变过一句对白。”这个镜头只拍了几条就过了，但一些马克·哈米尔的特写却成倍的重来，原因是肖认为“他紧张得这么厉害，无法正确的表演。”肖称这和位欣赏他的丰富经验的年轻的演员共事很愉快。
The unmasking scene lasts two minutes and seven seconds and includes 24 words of dialogue spoken by Shaw. George Lucas personally directed Shaw for his appearance in the final scene of the movie, in which he is a Force ghost of Anakin Skywalker dressed in brown and white robes, his prior burns and injuries completely healed. The footage was shot against a green screen and the characters of Obi-Wan Kenobi and Yoda, with whom Anakin exchanges glances and smiles, were added later. Shaw did not know the purpose of the footage and believed it to be publicity, not for the film. When directing the scene, Lucas simply advised the actor, "Look happy, smile."[
揭开面具的镜头时长两分零七秒，包含了肖所说的24个词的对白。在电影的最后一幕，乔治·卢卡斯亲自指导肖的表演，肖扮演阿纳金·天行者穿着褐色长袍的原力英灵，他先前的烧伤和创口完全愈合了。这个片段在绿幕前拍摄，而与阿纳金相视而笑的欧比万·克努比和尤达的形象是稍后加上去的。肖并不知道拍这个片段的用意，还以为这只是用于宣传，而非加入到影片中。在导演这个镜头是卢卡斯仅仅对演员建议:“微笑，看起来高兴些”。
Shaw received more fan mail and autograph requests from Return of the Jedi than he had for any role in his career; he said most of the letters he received were from boys between the ages of 12 and 14, but he also heard from older people who were unexpectedly touched by the film. Shaw later reflected that he very much enjoyed his experience filming for Return of the Jedi and expressed particular surprise that an action figure was made of him from the film.
肖从《绝地归来》中获得了比他生涯中任何一个角色都多的影迷来信和签名索求。他称收到的大部分信件都是来自12到14岁的男孩的，但他也从一些更年长的人那里得知他们意外地被这部电影打动了。后来，肖表示他十分享受《绝地归来》的拍摄，还表达了因他在电影中的形象被制成玩偶而感到特别惊喜。


肖在《绝地归来》的工作照，剧照和玩偶。

ROTJ re-release changes
《绝地归来》重发行后的改变
In the 2004 DVD re-release of Return of the Jedi, several changes and modifications were made to the scenes involving Shaw. The unmasking scene with Mark Hamill remained mostly intact, but Shaw's eyebrows were digitally removed from his face due to the fact that they would be burned off Anakin Skywalker in the 2005 prequel, Revenge of the Sith.Shaw's eyes were also digitally coloured to look more like those of Hayden Christensen, who played Anakin in the prequel films. A far more drastic change, however, was the replacement of Shaw's image with that of Christensen during his appearance as a Force ghost in the last scene of Return of the Jedi. This attempt to tie the prequel and original trilogies together proved to be one of the least popular changes in the Star Wars re-releases. Some, however, defended the movie; although author and pop culture expert Will Brooker said George Lucas "totally Stalinized" Shaw by removing him from the scene, Brooker also disputed a claim that Luke Skywalker would not have recognised the young Anakin, explaining his connection to the Force allowed him to do so. Film reviewer Roger Ebert described the change as "actually a little poetic" because it meant Anakin became one with the Force before he turned into Darth Vader.
2004年，《绝地归来》重新发行DVD，对肖的镜头做了几处修改和变更。与马克·哈米尔合作的揭开面具的镜头几乎原封未动，只是用数码技术去把肖的眉毛从脸上去掉了，原因是在2005年上映的前传《西斯的复仇》中阿纳金·天行者的眉毛理应被烧掉了。肖的眼睛也被数码染色，使它们与前传中扮演阿纳金的海登·克里斯滕森的眼睛更接近。然而，更加极端的改变则是，肖在《绝地归来》最后一幕中的原力英灵形象被换成了克里斯滕森的。这一在于将前传与老三部曲结合得更紧密的尝试被证明是重新发行的《星球大战》中最受欢迎的变化，不过也有人为其辩解。尽管作家和流行文化专家威尔·布鲁克表示乔治·卢卡斯去掉肖的镜头是对肖“彻头彻尾的独裁”，布鲁克也反驳了卢克·天行者无法认出年轻的阿纳金的说法，将其解释为是原力的联系让他与之相认。影评人罗杰·艾伯特形容这个改变“其实具有些许诗意”，因为这意味着阿纳金成为了他转变为达斯·维德之前的那位原力传人。


Later career and death
晚期事业与离世
Shaw remained active in his later years; along with fellow Royal Shakespeare Company actors Ian Richardson, John Nettles, Martin Best, and Ann Firbank, Shaw engaged in discussions and workshops with acting teachers and students in the early 1980s. Although appearances in films became far less common in Shaw's later career, he received much acclaim for his performance as the Cold War spy Sharp in Clare Peploe's High Season at the New York Film Festival in 1987； The San Diego Union-Tribune said Shaw played the role with "endearing, sweet gravity". One of his last performances was in the Christmas season of 1988 and 1989, when he played the wizard in a stage production of The Wizard of Oz at the Barbican Centre and the Stratford Festival Company.The Times said audiences were "delighted to recognise his honeyed threats from behind the great carapace that disguised the Wizard of Oz". Shaw became an honorary life-member at The Garrick Club, which included such past members as writers Charles Dickens, J. M. Barrie, Kingsley Amis and A. A. Milne; artists Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Everett Millais; and composer Edward Elgar.
肖在晚年仍保持活跃。80年代肖与皇家莎士比亚公司的同事伊安·理查德森、约翰·奈托斯、马丁·贝斯特和安·弗班克一道参加讲习班中与表演专业师生的的讨论。虽然肖在生涯晚期极少参演电影，但他在1987年纽约电影节上映的克莱尔·佩普洛作品《旺季》（High Season）中饰演冷战间谍夏普的表现仍受好评。《圣地亚哥联合论坛报》称肖的角色具有“讨人喜欢的，甜美的吸引力。”1988—1989年的圣诞档，肖在巴比肯艺术中心和斯特拉福德戏剧节公司扮演舞台剧《绿野仙踪》里的巫师，这是他最后的演出之一。《泰晤士报》称观众“欣喜地从扮演奥兹的巫师所穿的巨大的甲壳后面认出了他蜜一般的嗓音。”肖成为了嘉里克文学俱乐部的荣誉终身会员，作家查尔斯·狄更斯，J·M·巴里，金斯利·艾米斯，A·A·米尔恩；艺术家但丁·加百列·罗塞蒂，约翰·埃弗里特·米莱斯；作曲家爱德华·埃尔加都曾是这个俱乐部的成员。
Shaw died of natural causes on 23 December 1994 at age 89 in Brighton, East Sussex, England. A funeral service was held 15 February 1995 at St Paul's, Covent Garden, commonly known as The Actors' Church due to its long association with the theatre community, in Covent Garden, London. Actors Ian Richardson and Ben Kingsley read works by William Shakespeare; stage actress Estelle Kohler read The Ways of Love by Victorian poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning; actress Sheila Allen read Life by Welsh poet George Herbert; and actor Kenneth Branagh read from the works of Canon Henry Scott Holland. One of Shaw's own poems, Gemini, was also read. Baritone Stephen Varcoe sang Wie bist du meine Konigin by Johannes Brahms, accompanied by Graham Johnson on the piano, and guitarist Martin Best performed and sang his composition of Ariel's Songs from The Tempest. Shaw was survived by his partner Joan Ingpen; daughter Drusilla MacLeod; sisters Susan Bonner-Morgan and Penelope Harness; and his sister-in-law Olga Young.
1994年12月23日，89岁的肖在英国东苏塞克斯的布莱顿无疾而终。1995年1月15日，他的葬礼在与戏剧团体长期合作，以“演员的教堂”著称的伦敦考文特花园圣保罗教堂举行。男演员伊安·理查德森和本·金斯利朗诵了威廉·莎士比亚的作品，舞台剧女演员埃斯特尔·科勒朗诵了维多利亚时代诗人伊丽莎白·芭蕾特·布朗宁的《爱的方式》（The Ways of Love），女演员希拉·艾伦朗诵了威尔士诗人乔治·赫伯特的《生命》，男演员肯尼斯·布莱纳则朗诵了亨利·斯科特·霍兰德的作品。肖自己的作品之一《双子星》（Gemini）也被诵读。男中音斯蒂芬·瓦科演唱了约翰内斯·勃拉姆斯的《你是我的女王》（Wie bist du meine Konigin），格雷厄姆·约翰逊为其钢琴伴奏，吉他手马丁·贝斯特也演唱了自己谱曲的《暴风雨》中的《精灵之歌》。肖留下了伴侣琼·英潘，女儿德鲁塞拉·麦克劳德，姐妹苏珊-摩根和佩妮洛普·哈妮丝，以及妻妹奥尔加·杨。

电视剧The Final Warning剧照，看看右边，皇帝还真是无处不在。

科洛桑耿翔

不错，安纳金粉路过