克隆（cloning）

南方战士

翻译：ImperialRemnant
校对：南方战士

cloning 克隆

电影



History has recorded ethics becoming a casualty of scientific progress on a disturbing number of occasions. Breakthroughs become twisted for violent applications, leading to terribly efficient warfare. Cloning is just one such example. While its beneficial application to the field of medicine is unquestionable, no one will soon forget the scourge of the Clone Wars.
历史多次记录这样的事实，伦理成为科学进步的牺牲品。科学上的突破被扭曲为暴力的工具，使战争变得惊人高效。克隆就是这样一个例子。虽然它对医学领域的贡献毋庸置疑，但没人会忘记克隆人战争的灾难。

The clone troopers introduced in that long conflict were crafted by the scientific geniuses of Kamino, aliens renowned for their genetic knowledge. The Kaminoan hatcheries used genetic material harvested from the host template, a bounty hunter named Jango Fett. This material was grown into thousands of soldiers inside glass-walled incubation wombs.
在这场漫长战争中出现的克隆人士兵由卡米诺的科学天才们打造。卡米诺人以其遗传学知识而闻名于世。卡米诺孵化场使用的主体摸板遗传物质采集自一个名叫詹戈·费特的赏金猎人。在被玻璃墙包围的孵化摇篮中，这些物质被培育成数以千计的士兵。

The Kaminoans employed growth acceleration techniques to effectively double the rate of clone development. Without such measures, it would take a full life-time to grow a mature clone. Their adult clones were ready for combat in less than a decade. Throughout a clone's growth, constant physical and mental training honed the warrior's skills. Unlike the mindless battle droid armies of the commerce guilds, clones could think creatively and operate much more independently.
卡米诺人用生长加速技术有效地使克隆人的发育速度加倍。如果没有这种措施，培育一个成年克隆人所花的时间就等于他的生长时间。有了这种措施，不到十年，他们的成年克隆人就能投入战斗了。在整个成长期，持续的身体和精神训练磨炼了克隆人战士的技能。跟商业组织没有脑子的战斗机器人军队不同，克隆人拥有创造性思维和更强的独立性。

衍生宇宙



Though the Kaminoan methods of cloning are generally regarded as the best in the galaxy by the few who know of them, they are by no means the only culture to explore genetic manipulation.
虽然卡米诺人的克隆手段通常被少数知道它们的人认为是银河系中最好的，但他们绝不是探索基因控制的唯一文明。

The planet Khomm, an otherwise unremarkable world in the Deep Core, has instituted cloning as the de facto method of reproduction. So content were the Khommites upon reaching the zenith of their society that they "froze" the evolution of this culture and turned to producing clones of previous generations. Like the Kaminoans, the Lurrians of Lur developed exceptional genetic sciences out of necessity, and their research was closely monitored following the atrocities of the Clone Wars. The extragalactic invaders, the Yuuzhan Vong, who prefer organic technology are also extremely skilled in their own brand of cloning, having developed such living weapons as the deadly voxyn.
霍姆行星——一个不起眼的深核世界——已把克隆当成事实上的繁殖手段。霍姆人非常满意地认为他们的社会已达到巅峰期，因此他们“冻结了”这个文明的演化，只生产先辈们的克隆人。跟卡米诺人一样，卢尔星球的卢尔人也出于需要发展出了杰出的基因科学。惨烈的克隆人战争结束后，他们的研究受到了严密监视。河外星系的入侵者遇战疯人偏好生物科技，极其擅长他们自己的克隆技术，培育了致命的生物武器，比如沃克辛。

One of the fastest known methods of cloning involves the use of Spaarti cloning cylinders. These four-meter tall tanks hold a developing clone suspended in a protective gelatin that accelerates growth and helps preserve the genetic code of the template. Each Spaarti cylinder contained a computer processing system that jacked directly into the cerebral cortex of the developing clone, "flash-pumping" information into the growing mind. The Spaarti method had one key side effect that limited its use. Clones produced through this method caused a disturbance in the Force, possibly as a result of identical "patterns" resonating in the Force. This disturbance would lead to a frightening affliction called clone madness, which could be countered by slowing the process down. Recommended procedures advised at least a year of growth for a clone to remain mentally stable.
已知最快速的克隆方法之一是使用斯帕蒂克隆柱舱。在这些四米高的容器里，一名正在生长的克隆人悬浮在保护凝胶内。这种凝胶能加速生长，有助于保存模板的遗传密码。每个斯帕蒂柱舱都有一套计算机处理系统，它直接插入正在生长的克隆人大脑皮层，为正在成长的心智“秒灌”信息。斯帕蒂方法有个主要的副作用限制了它的使用。通过这种方法制造的克隆人会引起原力的扰动，或许这是相同“模式”在原力中共振的结果。这种扰动将导致一种骇人的痛苦——它被称为“克隆人疯狂”。降低生长速度能缓解这一症状。为保证克隆人心智稳定，推荐的生长时间至少为一年。

The Imperial tactical genius Grand Admiral Thrawn was able to side-step this limitation through his brilliant use of ysalamiri, creatures that naturally push back the Force. By growing clones in areas devoid of the Force, Thrawn did not have to worry about the consequences of clone madness, and could produce mentally stable clones in 15 to 20 days.
帝国战术天才索龙元帅巧妙地运用伊萨拉米尔蜥——能天生排开原力的生物——突破了这个限制。把正在生长的克隆人置于无原力区域，索龙就不用担心克隆人疯狂的出现。15到20天内，心智稳定的克隆人就被生产出了。

Though the Kaminoan methods were not nearly as rapid, they were far more reliable. The time taken allowed Kaminoan scientists to carefully develop the psyches of their clones, crafting an army of unswerving loyalty. The Kaminoan cloners recondition an average of seven aberrants for every two hundred clones produced, maintaining superb standards.
卡米诺人的方法虽然远远没那么快，但可靠得多。长时间的生长允许卡米诺科学家们仔细培育克隆人的心智，打造一支忠贞不渝的军队。卡米诺的克隆专家们在每两百名生产的克隆人中平均修复七名异常克隆人，保证了其超高的水准。

幕后



Cloning has existed in the Star Wars story since the early drafts of A New Hope's script, though all that survived the four drafts to the final was just the tantalizing mention of the "Clone Wars." In the very first draft of Star Wars, the planet Aquilae was said to be a "treasure of biotic science" with incredible knowledge of cloning and genetics. This first draft even had an outlandish science fiction concept of General Luke Skywalker transporting the brains of 23 scientists in liquid forms, which would then be reinstated into cloned bodies.
从《新的希望》剧本的早期草稿开始，克隆就存在于《星球大战》的故事中了，不过经过四版草稿后，最终幸存下来的仅仅是诱人地提及“克隆人战争”。在《星球大战》第一稿，阿奎雷行星据说是“生命科学的宝藏”，拥有难以置信的克隆和遗传学知识。第一稿甚至有一个怪异的科幻构思——卢克·天行者将军以液体形式传送23位科学家的大脑，然后让它们在克隆体内复位。

During the development of The Empire Strikes Back, the notion of refugees from the Clone Wars was explored in early iterations of Lando Calrissian and Cloud City. Lando was to be Lando Kadar, a survivor of the Clone Wars who lived on a planet of clones.
设计《帝国反击战》期间，在兰多·卡瑞辛和云城的早期版本中，主创人员研究过克隆人战争难民的概念。兰多那时叫兰多·卡达尔，一个生活在克隆人行星的克隆人战争幸存者。

The Clone Wars would remain a mystery for years, since it wasn't until Episode II that the details of that conflict would finally be revealed. Previous to that, only vague intimations about the Clone Wars were hinted at, and its exact placement in the timeline of Star Wars events slid around. For years, it resided at the "35 years before A New Hope" mark, before sliding forward to 22.
多年来，克隆人战争一直保持神秘的面纱，直到《第二部》，这场冲突的细节才最终被揭晓。在此之前，只有关于克隆人战争的模糊暗示，其在《星球大战》时间线中的精确位置也不断变化。多年来，它一直处于“《新的希望》前35年”，后来前推至22年。

A new generation of clone wars came about in modern Star Wars fiction, first with Timothy Zahn's Thrawn Trilogy of novels, which saw Grand Admiral Thrawn piece together a new and improved method of building an army. Around the same time, the Dark Empire comic series brought its own type of clone-based war stories into the expanded universe. In that breakthrough series, it was revealed that Palpatine was capable of cheating death by keeping a cache of clone bodies into which he could transfer his dark soul.
现代《星球大战》作品带来了新一代的克隆人战争。先是在蒂莫西·扎恩的《索龙三部曲》里，索龙元帅拼凑出改进过的建军新方法。与此同时，《黑暗帝国》系列漫画为衍生宇宙带来了它自己的基于克隆人的战争故事。在这个划时代的系列中，帕尔帕廷能把自己的黑暗灵魂传送到一系列隐藏的克隆体内，实现诈死。