恐怖！恐怖！——彼得·库欣（来自Wikipedia的资料翻译）

GuyFawkes

Peter Wilton Cushing, OBE (26 May 1913—11 August 1994) was an English actor, known for his many appearances in Hammer Films, in which he played Baron Frankenstein and Dr. Van Helsing, amongst many other roles, often appearing opposite his close friend Christopher Lee. A familiar face on both sides of the Atlantic, he appeared in the original Star Wars film and the Doctor Who films.
彼得·威尔顿·库欣，大英帝国荣誉军官（生于1913年五月26日—卒于1994年八月11日）是一位英国演员，在汉默电影公司的多部影片以及众多角色中扮演的弗兰肯斯坦男爵和范海辛博士令他闻名于世，并常在这些影片中与挚友克里斯托弗·李联袂演出。他在电影《星球大战》和《谁人博士（Doctor Who）》电影版中的演出令他为大西洋两岸所熟悉。

Early life
早年
Cushing was born in Kenley, Surrey, England, the son of George Edward Cushing and Nellie Marie Cushing née King. He was raised there and in Dulwich, South London. Cushing left his first job as a surveyor's assistant to take up a scholarship at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. After working in repertory theatre in Worthing, West Sussex,[2] he left for Hollywood in 1939, but returned in 1941 after roles in several films, one of them A Chump at Oxford (1940) appearing alongside Laurel and Hardy. His first major film part was as Osric in Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948).
库欣出生在英国萨里郡的肯利。他是乔治·霍华德·库欣和娘家姓金的奈丽·玛丽·库欣的儿子。库欣在肯利以及伦敦南部的达维奇镇长大。为了接受市政厅音乐与戏剧学校的一份奖学金，库欣放弃了作测量员助理的第一份工作。在西苏塞克斯沃森学院的戏目剧院里工作了一段时间之后，他于1939年前往好莱坞，不过参演了包括劳莱与哈台系列的《脱线大王（A Chump at Oxford）（1940）在内的几部影片之后，他又返回英国。他的第一个主要电影角色是劳伦斯·奥利弗的《哈姆雷特（Hamlet）》（1940）中的欧斯立克。

“欧斯立克”的定妆照

Early career
生涯早年
In the 1950s, he worked in television, most notably as Winston Smith in the BBC's 1954 adaptation of the George Orwell novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, scripted by Nigel Kneale. Cushing drew much praise for his performance in this production, although he always felt that his performance in the existing version of the play — it was performed twice in one week and only the second version survives in the archives — was inferior to the first. During many of his small screen performances, Cushing also starred as Fitzwilliam Darcy in the BBC's 1952 production of Pride and Prejudice and as King Richard II in Richard of Bordeaux in 1955. He also went to Shoreham College for 1 term
在1950年代，他效力于电视业，最著名的角色是1954年BBC由奈杰尔·内尔改编乔治·奥威尔小说《一九八四（Nineteen Eighty-Four）》拍摄的电视剧中的温斯顿·史密斯。库欣在这一作品中的表现颇受好评，不过库欣觉得在现存的表演版本——这段表演在一周之内被排演了两次，只有第二个版本保存了下来——逊于前者。在他的数次小荧幕上的演出之中，还有在1952年BBC电视剧《傲慢与偏见(Pride and Prejudice)》中担纲主角菲茨威廉·达西，1955年的《波尔多的理查德（Richard of Bordeau）》中的国王理查德二世。他还去肖勒姆学院待了一个学期。

《傲慢与偏见》（1952）中库欣扮演的达西先生。

Hammer Horror
汉默惊悚i
s first appearances in his two most famous roles were in Terence Fisher's films The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) and Dracula (1958). Cushing will always be associated with playing Victor Frankenstein and Van Helsing in a long string of horror films produced by Hammer Horror. These provided him with 20 years of steady employment despite being of often middling quality. Although talented as an actor, he admitted that career decisions for him meant choosing roles where he knew the audience would accept him. "Who wants to see me as 'Hamlet'? Very few. But millions want to see me as Frankenstein so that's the one I do." He also said "If I played Hamlet, they'd call it a horror film."
他初涉自己最为著名的两个角色是在特伦斯·费舍尔执导的电影《弗兰肯斯坦的诅咒（The Curse of Frankenstein）》（1957）和《德古拉（Dracula）》（1958）。在库欣主演的一长串汉默公司出品的恐怖片中，他总是离不开扮演维克多·弗兰肯斯坦和范海辛。这两个角色为他提供了尽管大多数时候待遇平平，但长达20年的稳定工作。虽然他是个极具天赋的演员，却也承认对他而言，事业上的抉择只是挑选他料定观众会接受的角色而已。“谁想看我演哈姆雷特呢？非常少。可是上百万观众想看我演弗兰肯斯坦，于是我就演了。”他还说“要是我真的演哈姆雷特，那观众会管这叫‘恐怖’电影。”
A shade under 6' tall and wiry, with a mane of increasingly iron-grey hair and an unemotional, meticulous delivery, he had an energetic onscreen presence. He often performed his own stunts.
拥有6英尺高瘦削的身材，加以如鬃毛一般，逐渐变成铁灰色的头发，以及一副严谨而毫无感情的腔调，库欣的银幕形象极具活力。他还常常以自己独有的绝技表演。
Cushing was often cast opposite the actor Christopher Lee, with whom he became best friends. "People look at me as if I were some sort of monster, but I can't think why. In my macabre pictures, I have either been a monster-maker or a monster-destroyer, but never a monster. Actually, I'm a gentle fellow. Never harmed a fly. I love animals, and when I'm in the country I'm a keen bird-watcher," he said in an interview published in ABC Film Review in November 1964.
库欣经常与男演员克里斯托弗·李联袂演出，并与之成为挚友。库欣在1964年十一月出版的美国广播公司电影评论的一段访谈中说道“人们总把我当成某种怪物看待，我也不知何故。在我演的恐怖片里，我当过怪物制造者，也干过怪物终结者，但从未做过怪物。其实，我是个温和的家伙，连只苍蝇都没伤过。我喜欢动物，在乡下时，我可是一个狂热的鸟类观察家。”
In the mid-1960s, he played the eccentric "Doctor" in two movies (Dr. Who and the Daleks and Daleks — Invasion Earth 2150 AD) based on the television series Doctor Who. He made a conscious decision to play the part as a lovable, avuncular figure, as a conscious effort to escape from his perceived image as a "horror" actor. "I do get terribly tired with the neighbourhood kids telling me 'My mum says she wouldn't want to meet  you in a dark alley'." he said in an interview in 1966. He also appeared in the cult series The Avengers and then again in its successor, The New Avengers. In 1986, he played the role of Colonel William Raymond in 'Biggles'. In Space: 1999, he appeared as a Prospero-like character called Raan.
1960年代中期，他在根据电视剧集《谁人博士(Doctor Who)》改编的两部电影（《谁人博士与戴立克（Dr. Who and the Daleks）》和《戴立克——2150入侵地球（Daleks — Invasion Earth 2150 AD）》）中，着意决定将这个角色演绎成可亲可敬，具有长者风范的形象,以着意摆脱被误解为“恐怖”演员的形象。他在1966年的一次访谈中说“邻家小孩‘妈妈说她不想让我在阴暗的小巷里见到你’的说辞令我甚为厌倦。”他也在cult剧集《复仇者(The Avengers)》中露过面并再次出现在其续集《新复仇者（The New Avengers）》中。1986年他在《消失的战线（Biggles）》中扮演了威廉·雷蒙德上校。在《太空1999（Space: 1999)》中，他饰演了一个叫做拉安的普洛斯帕罗似的人物。
He was one of many stars to guest on The Morecambe and Wise Show — the standing joke in his case being the idea that he was never paid for his appearance. He would appear, week after week, wearily asking hosts Eric and Ernie, "Have you got my five pounds yet?" (A ludicrously low price for an artists fee, even in the 1970s). When Cushing was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1989, one of the guests was Ernie Wise ... who promptly presented him with a five pound note, but then, with typical dexterity, extorted it back from him. Peter was absolutely delighted with this, and cried: "All these years and I still haven't got my fiver!"
他是曾客串过《莫里金比和怀斯秀(The Morecambe and Wise Show)》的众多明星之一——表演从来没有被付过报酬成了他的笑柄。他总是一周接一周地露面，精疲力竭的向主持人埃里克和厄尼询问：“您能付给我五镑钱了吗？”（即使是在1970年代，艺术家的报酬仍低的可笑）。后来库欣在1989年成为《这就是你的生活（This Is Your Life）》系列纪录片的主题时，其中嘉宾之一就是厄尼·怀斯，他刷一下向库欣亮出一张五镑纸币，然而又用招牌式的敏捷从他面前收了回来。彼得完全被逗乐了，他喊道：“过了这么多年，我还是没拿到我的五镑钱！”
Cushing played Sherlock Holmes many times, starting in Hammer's The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959), the first colour Holmes film. Cushing, who resembled classic Holmes portrayer Basil Rathbone, seemed a natural for the part, and he played the part with great fidelity to the written character -- that of a man who is not always easy to live with or be around -- which had not been done up to that point. He followed this up with a performance in 16 episodes of the BBC series Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes (1968), of which only six episodes survive. Finally, Cushing played the detective in old age, in The Masks of Death (1984) for Channel 4.
从汉默公司的第一部彩色福尔摩斯电影《巴斯克维尔的猎犬（The Hound of the Baskervilles）》（1968）开始，库欣数次扮演过歇洛克·福尔摩斯。彼得与经典的福尔摩斯塑造者巴兹尔·拉斯伯恩一样，仿佛为这个角色而生，而且他的表演十分忠于原著中对角色的描写——一个并不总是易于相处或者接近的人——而之前这并未被全力做到位。在现存仅六集的BBC16集连续剧《阿瑟·柯南?·尔爵士的歇洛克·福尔摩斯（Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes）》（1968）的表演中，他始终遵循这一理念。最后，库欣在英国电视4台的《死亡面具（The Masks of Death）》中扮演了晚年的侦探。

库欣在“弗兰肯斯坦”系列电影中的经典形象。


在弗兰肯斯坦男爵眼中美女与怪物没什么分别（左图中的怪物由克里斯托弗•李扮演）。


库欣与奈杰尔•斯托克在《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》中。


库欣扮演的谁人博士 （Doctor Who）

Death of his wife
爱妻离世
In 1971, Cushing withdrew from the film Blood from the Mummy's Tomb when his wife died. He and actress Helen Beck had been married since 1943. The following year, he was quoted in the Radio Times as saying "Since Helen passed on I can't find anything; the heart, quite simply, has gone out of everything. Time is interminable, the loneliness is almost unbearable and the only thing that keeps me going is the knowledge that my dear Helen and I will be united again some day. To join Helen is my only ambition. You have my permission to publish that... really, you know dear boy, it's all just killing time. Please say that."
当妻子在1971年逝世时，库欣从电影《木乃伊坟墓之血（Blood from the Mummy's Tomb）》中退出了。他和女演员海伦·贝克的婚姻从1943年就开始了。第二年，《广播时代》援引他的话说：“海伦离开后我感觉不到了一切，内心完全空了，一切都熄灭了。时间如此漫长，孤独几乎难以忍受，唯一使我继续下去的是我知道我与亲爱的海伦将来有一天会再次合为一体。与海伦相会是我唯一的渴求。我允许你发表这些……你当然明白，小伙子，这完全只是在打发时间。请把这句话也写出来。”
Six years later, his feelings were unchanged: "When Helen passed on six years ago I lost the only joy in life that I ever wanted. She was my whole life and without her there is no meaning. I am simply killing time, so to speak, until that wonderful day when we are together again."
In his autobiography, he says he attempted suicide the night that Helen died, by running up and down stairs in the vain hope that it would induce a heart attack.
六年之后，他的情绪依然没有好转,他在自传中写道“当六年前海伦去世时我失去了始终追求的唯一乐趣。她是我生活的全部，除了她这里没有任何意义。我可以说现在仅仅在消磨光阴，直到我们聚在一起的那美好的一刻。”他称自己曾在海伦去世的当晚尝试过自杀，他在楼梯上徒劳的上下奔跑，希望引发心脏病。
In 1986, Cushing appeared on the British TV show Jim'll Fix It. His "wish", "granted" by Jimmy Savile, was to have a strain of rose named after his late wife. Cushing's letter to the show, in copperplate handwriting, was shown, as was the identification and naming of a rose named "Helen Cushing".
1986年，库欣出现在英国电视节目“吉姆会搞定的”中，吉米·萨维尔所应允的他的“愿望”就是拥有一株以他亡妻的名字命名的玫瑰。库欣寄给节目完全手写的信，和将一种玫瑰命名为“海伦·库欣”的证明一起被展示了出来。

惠茨特布尔，彼得和海伦过去经常坐在这把长椅上看海景。


Star Wars
《星球大战》
In 1976, he was cast in Star Wars, which was shooting at Elstree Studios, Borehamwood, London. He appeared as one of his (now) most recognised characters, Grand Moff Tarkin despite having originally been considered for the role of Obi-Wan Kenobi. Cushing found accepting the role in a science fiction fantasy easy. "My criterion for accepting a role isn't based on what I would like to do. I try to consider what the audience would like to see me do and I thought kids would adore Star Wars."
1976年，他在《星球大战》中得到了角色，拍摄在伦敦的艾尔斯特利摄影棚伯翰姆伍德完成。尽管被考虑过担演欧比万·克诺比，他还是出演了一个他（当今）最广为人知的角色之一——大星区总督塔金。库欣觉得接受一个科幻故事中的人物很容易。“我接角色的准则不基于我是否愿意演。我要设法考虑观众是否想看见我这样做，进而我想到孩子们会非常喜欢《星球大战》。
Costuming difficulties resulted in a piece of trivia about Star Wars. He was presented with ill-fitting riding boots for the Moff Tarkin role and they pinched his feet so much that he was given permission by George Lucas to play the role wearing his slippers. The camera operators filmed him above the knees or standing behind the table of the conference room set. Also, during filming of Star Wars, a star-struck Carrie Fisher found it hard to deliver her lines to him and seem terrified in the presence of a charming, polished man who smelled of 'linen and lavender' when in their first scene together, her character speaks of Cushing's as having a 'foul stench'.
《星球大战》中的戏服带来了一点小小的麻烦。他作为塔金总督出镜时所穿的马靴极不合脚，他的双足被挤得厉害，以致乔治·卢卡斯允许他穿着他的拖鞋表演。摄影师只拍摄他的膝盖以上或者站在会议室的桌子后面的画面。同样，在《星球大战》拍摄时，卡丽·费舍尔感到难以与他对戏，害怕在他们合作的第一幕中，她的角色对这位优雅迷人，散发着亚麻和薰衣草气息的男人说他带着“污秽的恶臭”。
For Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, George Lucas wanted Cushing, now deceased, to reprise his role as Tarkin through the use of archive footage and digital technology, but poor film quality made this impossible. Besides, the scene required a full-body appearance of Tarkin, which was unavailable due to Cushing's use of slippers instead of boots when performing. Instead, Wayne Pygram took the role, though he underwent extensive prosthetic makeup for his brief cameo.
拍摄《星球大战前传3：西斯的复仇》时乔治·卢卡斯希望通过使用存档的片段和数字技术使已经去世的库欣再次扮演塔金的角色，但低劣的胶片质量使其无法实现。况且，场景要求的塔金全身画面也由于库欣表演时用拖鞋代替了马靴而难以获得了。韦恩·皮格拉姆取而代之接下了角色，尽管他要为其短暂的出场进行大量弥补性化妆。

电影里的塔金一般只有上半截。


库欣签名的塔金剧照。


费舍尔其实是库欣的影迷 。

Later career
晚期事业
After Star Wars, he continued appearing in films and television sporadically, as his health allowed. He was diagnosed with prostate cancer but without surgery managed to survive several years, though his health was precarious.
《星球大战》之后，只要身体情况允许，他依然偶尔出现在电影和电视节目中。他被诊断患有胰腺癌，虽然他的健康状况不稳定，但即使不通过手术治疗，也能设法存活数年。
In 1989, Cushing was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. He retired to Whitstable, where he had bought a seafront house in 1959, and continued his hobby of birdwatching, and to write two autobiographies. Cushing also worked as a painter, specialising in watercolors, and wrote and illustrated a children's book of Lewis Carroll style humor, The Bois Saga.
1989年，库欣被授予了大英帝国荣誉军官勋章。他在惠茨特布尔退休，1959年他就在那儿购置了一幢海滨住宅，他保持着观鸟的爱好，还写了两本自传。库欣也作画，专攻水彩，并且撰写了一部刘易斯·卡罗尔式幽默的童书《木之传奇(The Bois Saga)》，并配了图。
His final professional engagement was as co-narrator of Flesh and Blood, the Hammer Heritage of Horror, produced by American writer/director Ted Newsom. As co-narrator, Cushing thus took his "last bow" with friend Christopher Lee, the BBC and Hammer Films. The narration was recorded in Canterbury near Cushing's home. The show was first broadcast in 1994, the week before Cushing's death from cancer in a Canterbury hospice, aged 81.
他的最后一份工作合同是为美国作家兼导演特德·纽森制作的《血肉之躯：汉默的恐怖遗产（Flesh and Blood, the Hammer Heritage of Horror）》担任联合解说。库欣用这种方式和好友克里斯托弗·李、BBC和汉默电影公司一道献上了最后的致意。这段解说在库欣家附近的坎特伯雷录制。1994年节目首播的一周之后，库欣在坎特伯雷疗养院因癌症去世，享年81岁。

画架前的库欣。


库欣的两本传记。

Hound of the Baskervilles and death
《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》以及去世
In an interview on the DVD release of The Hound of the Baskervilles, Lee remarked on his friend's death: "I don't want to sound gloomy, but, at some point of your lives, every one of you will notice that you have in your life one person, one friend whom you love and care for very much. That person is so close to you that you are able to share some things only with him. For example, you can call that friend, and from the very first maniacal laugh or some other joke you will know who is at the other end of that line. We used to do that with him so often. And then when that person is gone, there will be nothing like that in your life ever again".
在重新发行的《巴斯克维尔的猎犬(The Hound of the Baskervilles)》DVD的一段访谈中。李谈到了朋友的离世：“我不想听起来很沉闷，但是你们所有人都会在一生的某些时候注意到，你的生命中有这样一个人，一个你十分爱关心的人。他与你如此亲近，是你唯一能与之分享一些东西的人。譬如，你可以给个朋友打电话，然后从开头的几声狂笑或者其它玩笑中你会知道电话那头是谁。我们太习惯与经常和他在一起了。所以，当那个人离开了之后，生活就再也不会像以前那样了。
Cushing died of prostate cancer on 11 August 1994 in Canterbury, Kent, England five years after he was made an Officer of the British Empire in recognition of his contributions to the acting profession in Britain and worldwide.
库欣于1994年八月11日因前列腺癌在英国肯特郡的坎特伯雷去世。就在五年前，他被授予大英帝国荣誉军官勋章，以表彰他在表演领域对英国和全世界所做的贡献。

“军官”库欣。

edwardzh

向总督大人致敬!

jedixwolf

发错区了吧

GuyFawkes

我觉得还是这个区比较合适，毕竟旧论坛也是发在主坛的。虽然与星战无关的内容不少，但是有关的内容也是可观的。

aweng

讲星战电影演员的，发主坛。

jedixwolf

翻译WP的东西   有专区吧   
还是说，那个区只放资料型的翻译

GuyFawkes

个人觉得这个Wikipedia的资料和Wookipedia还是不能 一概而论的，为了谨慎起见还是发在这儿。当然如果版主管理员诸公认为发在WP专区合适，我也服从。

August

只有我一个人看不见这个帖子里的所有图片吗？

jedixwolf

我也看不见

GuyFawkes

问一下楼上二位，塞巴斯蒂安·肖的那个帖子也看不见图吗？我想可能是Skydrive相册的共享设置错了，我正在尝试修改。

农业光佛

微软在重新整合旗下的网站，所以最近访问SkyDrive会有问题，要等段时间才能正常访问。

GuyFawkes

已经把共享权改成“所有人”不知道现在能不能看到图了。Skydrive目前的确难打开，吉尼斯爵士的那座坟只好明天再迁过来了。

农业光佛

已经把共享权改成“所有人”不知道现在能不能看到图了。Skydrive目前的确难打开，吉尼斯爵士的那座坟只好明天再迁过来了。
GuyFawkes 发表于 2009-6-8 22:41

可以看到图了。